Články o CBN, Benefity CBD, Benefity CBG, Benefity CBN, Benefity konopy, Články o konopných výrobkoch, Články o CBD, Články o CBG

Čo je CBD, CBG, CBN a konope?

konopná rastlina
01
aug

V poslednej dobe sa čoraz častejšie na internete aj v bežnej komunikácii vyskytujú skratky CBD, CBG či CBN. Veľakrát sa (oprávnene) spájajú aj s rastlinou konope, avšak len málokedy sa niekto zaoberá skutočným vysvetlením toho, o aké látky ide a čo majú s konope spoločné.

Konope vs. marihuana

Častou mylnou predstavou je, že konope a marihuana sú dva rôzne druhy rastlín. V skutočnosti sú to len dva rôzne názvy pre konope, druh kvitnúcej rastliny z čeľade Cannabaceae.

Aj keď veda nerozlišuje medzi „konope“ a „marihuanou“, zákon áno. Z právneho hľadiska je najdôležitejším rozdielom obsah Tetrahydrokanabinolu (THC). THC je jedným z mnohých kanabinoidov alebo chemikálií nachádzajúcich sa v rastline konope. Práve táto látka je primárne zodpovedná za psychotropné účinky spojené s marihuanou.

Obsah THC sa môže medzi rastlinami konope líšiť. Niektoré odrody sú vyšľachtené tak, aby ho obsahovali viac, iné menej. Rastliny konope boli označené ako Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica alebo hybrid. Každá z nich má svoje vlastné charakteristiky a účinky, hoci presné údaje musí veda ešte overiť. Termín „konope“ sa používa na označenie rastliny, ktorá obsahuje 0,2% alebo menej THC v sušine. Táto hranica sa môže líšiť na základe zákonov jednotlivých krajín, pričom hodnota 0,2% platí pre celú EÚ. Výraz „marihuana“ najčastejšie opisuje rastliny prekračujúce túto hranicu. Ďalšie rozdiely a presné pomenovania určujú opäť jednotlivé krajiny. Ide hlavne o to, či a za akých podmienok je možné pestovať, distribuovať a predávať rastliny konope. Zároveň štáty zväčša upravujú aj to, ako a na čo sa táto rastlina môže využívať.

Konopné semená neobsahujú takmer žiadne kanabinoidy, tie sa nachádzajú vo vyšších koncentráciách v konopných kvetoch, listoch a stopkách. Tí, ktorí chcú vyskúšať blahodarné účinky konope, si často vyberajú kvety tejto rastliny. Je možné ich fajčiť alebo sa z nich dajú extrahovať požadované látky do olejov.

Odrody s vysokým obsahom THC sa používajú na lekárske účely, napríklad na tlmenie bolesti. Okrem nich ale aj tie s nízkym obsahom THC môžu tiež mať priaznivé účinky, a to bez omamných či psychotropných efektov. Doterajší výskum hovorí, že za tieto pozitíva sú zodpovedné iné kanabinoidy (látky extrahované z rastliny Cannabis Sativa), najmä CBD, CBG a CBN.

Rozdiel medzi konope a marihuanou
Rozdiel medzi konope a marihuanou

CBD

Pretože je na trhu toľko rôznych netoxických kanabinoidov, môže byť ťažké určiť rozdiely medzi CBD a novšími látkami, ako CBG a CBN.

Kanabidiol (CBD) je popri delta-9-tetrahydrokanabinole (THC) najslávnejším kanabinoidom na svete. CBD, ktoré sa pôvodne dostalo na výslnie vďaka takmer náboženskej úcte, ktorú dostalo od rodičov detí s neliečiteľnou epilepsiou. Čoskoro si získalo obľubu u ľudí na celom svete trpiacich bolesťami, zápalmi alebo dokonca neurodegeneratívnymi chorobami.

Zatiaľ čo THC primárne pôsobí ako silný agonista na receptory CB1 a CB2 v ľudskom endokanabinoidnom systéme, CBD obchádza tieto intoxikujúce neuroreceptory, aby sa primárne naviazal na receptory 5-HT1A a TRPV1 v nervovom systéme. Vďaka tomu CBD nemá omamné ani psychotropné účinky, ale poskytne pocit hlbokej relaxácie. CBD bol skúmaný pre svoju užitočnosť pre najrôznejšie ochorenia. Viac o jeho účinkoch sa dozvieš tu.

Chemická štruktúra CBD
Chemická štrúktúra látky CBD

CBG

Kanabigerol (CBG) je v mnohom podobný CBD, pričom tento kanabinoid má tiež jedinečné atribúty. Napríklad bol skúmaný pre jeho potenciálne tráviace výhody alebo aj antimikrobiálne vlastnosti. Tieto jedinečné výhody už odlíšili CBG od ostatných kanabinoidov a vytvorili pre túto konopnú zlúčeninu trvalé miesto na širšom trhu s kanabinoidmi.

Chemická štruktúra CBG
Chemická štruktúra látky CBG

CBN

CBD aj CBG možno odvodiť z odrôd Cannabis sativa, ktoré boli vyšľachtené na vysoký obsah týchto kanabinoidov. V súčasnosti však neexistujú žiadne konopné odrody s vysokým obsahom kanabinolu (CBN) a namiesto toho sa tento kanabinoid vytvára z CBD.

Ako dokazuje ľahká premena CBD na CBN, tieto kanabinoidy sú si relatívne podobné. Z hľadiska chemického zloženia je však CBN v skutočnosti príbuznejší s THC ako s CBD. CBN zároveň významne nestimuluje mozgové receptory CB1 a CB2, takže nemá omamné vlastnosti.

CBN najsilnejšie ukazuje svoju podobnosť s THC v potenciálnom vplyve tohto kanabinoidu na chuť do jedla. CBN bol skúmaný kvôli svojej potenciálnej schopnosti zvyšovať chuť do jedla a znižovať nevoľnosť, čo spôsobilo, že vedci sa pýtajú, či tento kanabinoid môže slúžiť ako netoxická alternatíva k THC.

Uskutočnilo sa tiež malé množstvo výskumov o potenciálnych výhodách CBN pre lepší spánok. Zatiaľ je táto potenciálna aplikácia kanabinolu podporená viac ľudskými svedectvami, ako vedeckými dôkazmi. Postupom času sa dozvieme viac o CBN a jeho možnej užitočnosti pre spánok.

Chemická štruktúra látky CBN

CBD vs. CBG vs. CBN

Teraz, keď už máš predstavu o tom, čo sú CBD, CBG a CBN, poďme si podrobnejšie rozobrať rozdiely medzi týmito kanabinoidmi, aby sme ti pomohli pri výbere toho, ktoré konopné zlúčeniny bude najlepšie použiť. Ako však zistíš, možno budeš chcieť namiesto toho, aby si zostal len pri jednom, použiť všetky tri z týchto netoxických kanabinoidov.

CBD sa považuje za zlatý štandard medzi netoxickými kanabinoidmi a je to konopná zlúčenina, ktorú spotrebitelia najviac poznajú.

Na druhej strane CBG sa postupne presadzuje na trhu s konope a robí sa značný rozruch nad potenciálnymi tráviacimi a antimikrobiálnymi vlastnosťami tohto kanabinoidu. Namiesto toho, aby sa CBG označovala ako alternatíva k CBD, sa zvyčajne považuje za doplnok k CBD.

A nakoniec, CBN sa stáva populárnym medzi ľuďmi, ktorí chcú v noci lepšie spať alebo prekonať nevoľnosť. CBN nie je taký známy ako CBD alebo CBG, ale stúpajúca popularita CBG otvorila dvere akceptovaniu iných kanabinoidov ako CBD.

Zatiaľ čo CBD, CBG a CBN majú svoje jedinečné atribúty, pri spoločnom použití fungujú najlepšie. Všetky 3 látky sa pôvodne extrahovali z rastlín konope, dnes sa však už dajú vyrobiť ako izoláty v laboratóriu.

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